The Code & the Carrier

Carrier-wave/Onde porteuse

“Things on a very small scale behave like nothing we have any direct experience about. They do not behave like waves, they do not behave like particles, they do not behave like clouds, or billiard balls, or weights on springs, or anything that we have ever seen.”

― Richard Feynman

The signals that GPS satellites transmit to Earth arrive in two components. One is the unique series of ones and zeros, known as the code, that each GPS satellite transmits. The second is a shorter-wavelength “carrier” signal that transmits the code from the satellite. Because the carrier signal has a shorter wavelength — a mere 20 centimetres — compared with the longer wavelength of the code, which can be tens or hundreds of meters, the carrier signal offers a high-resolution way to pinpoint a spot on Earth’s surface. 

The signal of an AM radio station on the MW band.

Time runs from up to down, with frequency from left to right.

The strong vertical line in the centre, artificially coloured red, is the carrier wave at 558 kHz;

the two mirrored audio spectra (green) are the lower and upper sidebands.

䷼ 中孚 周易第六十一卦，稱為歸中。

➥ 爪 + 子. The original form of 俘 ➨ prisoner of war/take as prisoner

(literary) to convince; to gain trust 

深孚眾望  ―  shēnfúzhòngwàng  ―  to enjoy great popularity

(literary) trust; confidence

A more particular mantic appreciation: 有孚 "Carrier wave" ― (otherwise, 載波) a wave that can be modulated, either in amplitude, frequency, or phase, to carry or transmit images, music, speech, or any other signals ― is apart from the other formulas and mantic terms of the 周易 because the positive and/or negative orientation that it may indicate depends on the circumstance, therefore on the entire hexagram, as well as the position of any of the lines in an hexagram.

These mantic modulations are 6 in number, or rather 5 full + one empty. 

Numbers that are not without symbolic meaning since the 6 is the treble clef of the hexagrams and the 5 the numerical emblem of all that is organized in a dynamic and fruitful way ➨ Big V ䷱ 鼎 50 to ䷺ 渙 59 + ䷻ 節 60

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides and composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids. Alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), nucleic acids are one of the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life.

The structure of DNA is dynamic along its length, capable of coiling into tight loops and other shapes. In all species, it is composed of two helical chains, bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. Both chains are coiled around the same axis and have the same pitch of 34 ångströms (3.4 nm). The pair of chains have a 10 Å (1.0 nm) radius. According to another study, when measured in a different solution, the DNA chain measured 22–26 Å (2.2–2.6 nm) wide, and one nucleotide unit measured 3.3 Å (0.33 nm) long.

Nucleobase classification

The nucleobases are classified into two types: the purines, A and G, which are fused five- and six-membered heterocyclic compounds, and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C and T. A fifth pyrimidine nucleobase, uracil (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and differs from thymine by lacking a methyl group on its ring.

Twin helical strands form the DNA backbone. Another double helix may be found tracing the spaces, or grooves, between the strands. These voids are adjacent to the base pairs and may provide a binding site. As the strands are not symmetrically located with respect to each other, the grooves are unequally sized. 

GGG