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周易的卦30: ䷝ “離”

☲ 

The third of the eight 八卦 trigrams in 易經

乾 Qián ☰ Heaven

坤 Kūn ☷ Earth

震 Zhèn ☳ Thunder

坎 Kǎn ☵ Water

艮 Gèn ☶ Mountain

巽 Xùn☴ Wind

離 Lí ☲ Flame

兌 Duì ☱ Lake

離 ㄌㄧˊ

• to leave; to depart
• to go away
• to separate
• away from
• ☲, the 3rd of the 8 trigrams
• ䷝, the 30th of the 64 I Ching hexagrams
• † Alternative form of 罹 (lí, “to suffer; to be hit with; to encounter”).
• † Alternative form of 縭／缡 (lí).

➨ 離子 (physical chemistry) ion from Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión, “going”), neuter present participle of εἶμι (eîmi, “I go”). An atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge: イオン • (ion) 

➥ 陰離子 (chemistry, physics) anion; negative ion

Synonyms

負離子 (fùlízǐ)

Antonyms

➥ 陽離子 (chemistry, physics) cation; positive ion

Synonyms

正離子 (zhènglízǐ)

離 ㄌㄧˋ

Alternative form of 麗／丽 (lì, “to adhere; to attach to”).

麗 etymology

➥Axel Schuessler (ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007) minimally reconstructed this word's OC pronunciation as *rêh and considered it a possible allofam of 麗 (OC *rê(k)h) "number" < "what is calculated", exopassive derivative of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate".

➥ 麗 underwent this historical semantic shift: from "a pair" (周禮), to "mate, companion" (儷) (左傳), to "paired", to "well-proportioned" (禮記), and finally to "elegant, beautiful" (楚辭ㄔㄨˇ ㄘˊ) as well as "refinement" (書經).

離 ㄔ

Alternative form of 螭 (ㄔ, “a kind of dragon”).

Alternative form of 离 (ㄔ, “a kind of legendary beast”).

離

separate, detach, digress

Readings

Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)

Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)

Kun: はなれる (hanareru, 離れる, Jōyō); はなす (hanasu, 離す, Jōyō); つく (tsuku, 離く)

Compounds

乖離かいり (kairi)

距離きょり (kyori): distance

不即不離ふそくふり (fusokufuri)

分離ぶんり (bunri): isolation

離間りかん (rikan)

離婚りこん (rikon): divorce

離脱りだつ (ridatsu)

離別りべつ (ribetsu): separation

幽体離脱ゆうたいりだつ (yūtai ridatsu): out-of-body experience

体外離脱たいがいりだつ (taigai ridatsu): out-of-body experience

《䷙大畜 ― ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄨˋ》

大畜：利貞，不家食吉，利涉大川。

∞ + ⽥ (infinity above field ≗ global expansion over local fields)

畜象形 (Pictogram): 玄 (“rope tying the bag of feed”) + 田 (“bag of feed”) – a bag of feed, hence livestock.

Alternatively, 玄 (“rope”) + 田 or 囿 (“pen; fold; enclosure”) – tying animals and raising them in the enclosure.

Etymology

“To raise; to rear (an animal)” (*–k) > “domesticated animal; livestock” (*–k–s, exopassive: “what has been raised”). The various pronunciations in Old and Middle Chinese have been confused or merged in many extant dialects.

Etymology is unknown. Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hu (“to be born; birth; to rear”), and thus may be related to 好 (OC *qʰuːʔ, *qʰuːs, “good; to like”) (Matisoff). Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruŋ (“to live; alive; to be born; to give birth; green; sprout”), whence Tibetan འཁྲུང ('khrung, “to be born; to arise; to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Zhengzhang (2015) relates Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”) to this word; this would be parallel to 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) ?~ 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to rear”) (Sagart, 1999). In Sagart (1999), 畜 is related to 育 (OC *luɡ, “to nourish”) and 鞠 (OC *kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ, “to rear”).

田

象形 (Pictogram) – pictographic representation of a field.

田 Etymology: from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-liŋ (“field”). Cognate with Tibetan ཞིང (zhing, “field; realm”), Jingpho maling (mă³¹ liŋ³³, “forest”).

• farmland 一塊玉米田 ―  a corn field
• field (area rich in mineral reserves)
• † (alt. form 佃, 甸, 畋) to till the land; to cultivate
• † (alt. form 佃, 畋) to hunt

GGG