Г Г Г

葛「戈」吉/麒

Портрет артиста Г. Ге (Григория Григорьевича Ге)

Portrait of actor and dramatist Grigory Grigorievich Ghe

Ilya Repin, 1895 

 Ге, from own's French ancestral surname "De Gay"

• Г г; italics: Г г (Ge or Ghe) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.
• It is also known in some languages as He.
• It commonly represents the voiced velar plosive /ɡ/, like ⟨g⟩ in "gift".
• The Cyrillic letter Ghe was derived directly from the Greek letter Gamma (Γ) in the uncial script.
• In the Early Cyrillic alphabet, its name was глаголи (glagoli), meaning "speak".
• In the Cyrillic numeral system, it had a numerical value of 3.

2 soft G (陰 1st choice became 2nd in order, framed by 陽 choice, diktat: La Forza del Destino) 

🢂 Gray Gerrard Giles
1 hard G (Gay 成 Gray) 🢥 Gay/Ge/Ге, reprogrammed into Gray, with the '85/86 addition of an "R"

🢂 R is a programming language & software popular in statistics & data science disciplines. R is a dialect of the S programming language & was developed by Ross Ihaka & Robert Gentleman in the year 1995. A stable beta version was released in the year 2000.

🢂 Reason/RiGor/Rectitude/Rectification/Re-OrdeRinG.

In the Latin-based orthographies of many European languages, the letter ⟨g⟩ is used in different contexts to represent two distinct phonemes that in English are called hard and soft ⟨g⟩. The sound of a hard ⟨g⟩ (which often precedes the non-front vowels ⟨a o u⟩ or a consonant) is usually the voiced velar plosive [ɡ] (as in gangrene or golf) while the sound of a soft ⟨g⟩ (typically before ⟨i⟩, ⟨e⟩, or ⟨y⟩) may be a fricative or affricate, depending on the language. In English, the sound of soft ⟨g⟩ is the affricate /dʒ/, as in general, giant, and gym. A ⟨g⟩ at the end of a word usually renders a hard ⟨g⟩ (as in "rag"), while if a soft rendition is intended it would be followed by a silent ⟨e⟩ (as in "rage").

This alternation has its origins in a historical palatalization of /ɡ/ which took place in Late Latin and led to a change in the pronunciation of the sound [ɡ] before the front vowels [e] and [I]. Later, other languages not descended from Latin, such as English, inherited this feature as an orthographic convention. The Scandinavian languages, however, have undergone their shift independently.

The letter 'G' was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of 'C' to distinguish voiced /ɡ/ from voiceless /k/.

This letter of the Latin alphabet is one of the rare ones, along with Y and Z, not to be of Etruscan origin; it is a Roman innovation due to Spurius Carvilius Ruga, who, in the third century BC, modified the layout of the letter C from the Greek gamma (Γ γ). Henri Jordan (in) rather attributes this innovation to Appius Claudius Caecus.

The Etruscans, in fact, not needing a sound [g], had given the descendant of gamma the sound [k]: until the invention of G, the Romans, therefore, used C to note the sounds [g] and [k]; this usage is still found in the abbreviation of the Roman first names Gaius, noted C., and Gnæus, written Cn.

The design of the treble clef is derived from the letter G (note for G).

G-Schluessel

First forms of the treble clef - The third vertically combines the letters "G" (at the level of G4) and "D" (at the level of D5)

The presumed recorded originator of 'G' is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, sequens his addition of the letter G to the Roman alphabet during the 3rd century BC [2] He was the first Roman to open a fee-paying school, who taught around 230 BCE. At this time, 'K' had fallen out of favour, and 'C', which had formerly represented both /ɡ/ and /k/ before open vowels, had come to express /k/ in all environments.

Ruga's positioning of 'G' shows that alphabetic order related to the letters' values as Greek numerals was a concern even in the 3rd century BC. According to some records, the original seventh letter, 'Z', had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat earlier in the 3rd century BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius, who found it distasteful and foreign. Sampson (1985) suggests that: "Evidently the order of the alphabet was felt to be such a concrete thing that a new letter could be added in the middle only if a 'space' was created by the dropping of an old letter."

George Hempl proposed in 1899 that there never was such a "space" in the alphabet and that in fact 'G' was a direct descendant of zeta. Zeta took shapes like ⊏ in some of the Old Italic scripts; the development of the monumental form 'G' from this shape would be exactly parallel to the development of 'C' from gamma. He suggests that the pronunciation /k/ > /ɡ/ was due to contamination from the also similar-looking 'K'.

Eventually, both velar consonants /k/ and /ɡ/ developed palatalized allophones before front vowels; consequently, in today's Romance languages, ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩ have different sound values depending on context (known as hard and soft C and hard and soft G). Because of French influence, English language orthography shares this feature.

The Greek letter Gamma Γ is a grapheme derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤂‎ (gīml) which was rotated from the right-to-left script of Canaanite to accommodate the Greek language’s writing system of left-to-right. The Canaanite grapheme represented the /g/ phoneme in the Canaanite language, and as such is cognate with gimel ג of the Hebrew alphabet.

Based on its name, the letter has been interpreted as an abstract representation of a camel's neck, but this has been criticized as contrived,[3] and it is more likely that the letter is derived from an Egyptian hieroglyph representing a club or throwing stick.

The alphabet on black-figure pottery with a lambda-shaped gamma

In Archaic Greece, the shape of gamma was closer to a classical lambda (Λ), while lambda retained the Phoenician L-shape (𐌋‎).

Letters that arose from the Greek gamma include Etruscan (Old Italic) 𐌂, Roman C and G, Runic kaunan ᚲ, Gothic geuua 𐌲, the Coptic Ⲅ, and the Cyrillic letters Г and Ґ

Ге Николай. В Гефсиманском саду. 1869-1880

Николай Николаевич Ге 「戈」, In the Garden of Gethsemane

Garden of Γεθσημανή (Gethsēmanḗ).

The name is derived from the Aramaic ܓܕܣܡܢ (Gaḏ-Šmānê), meaning "oil press".

Matthew 26:36 and Mark 14:32 call it χωρἰον (chōríon), meaning a place or estate.

The Gospel of John says Jesus entered a garden (κῆπος kêpos) with his disciples.