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Friday, July 30, 2021

玄同 Mysterium Coniunctionis
道德經第五十六章節

知者不言,言者不知。
塞其兑,閉其門,挫其銳,解其分,和其光,同其塵,是謂玄同
故不可得而親,不可得而踈;
不可得而利,不可得而害;
不可得而貴,不可得而賤。
故為天下貴。

Dao De Jing Chapter 56 ― A. Charles Muller 56. One who knows does not speak...

One who knows does not speak.
One who speaks does not know.
Close our holes, shut our doors,
Soften our sharpness, loosen our knots.
Soften our glare and merge with the everyday.
This is called mysteriously attaining oneness.
Though we cannot possess it, we are intimate with it and at the same time, distant.
Though we cannot possess it, we are benefited from it and are harmed by it.
We cannot possess it but are esteemed through it
And humbled by it.
Therefore the world values us.


Dao De Jing Chapter 56 ― James Legge (The mysterious excellence)

He who knows (the Dao) does not (care to) speak (about it);
he who is (ever ready to) speak about it does not know it.
He (who knows it) will keep his mouth shut and close the portals (of his nostrils).
He will blunt his sharp points and unravel the complications of things;
he will attemper his brightness, and bring himself into an agreement with the obscurity (of others).
This is called 'the Mysterious Agreement.'
(Such a one) cannot be treated familiarly or distantly; he is beyond all consideration of profit or injury; beyond all consideration of nobility or meanness: ― he is the noblest man under heaven.


Dao De Jing Chapter 56 ― Arthur Waley

Those who know do not speak;
Those who speak do not know.
Black the passages,
Shut the doors,
Let all sharpness be blunted,
All tangles untied,
All glare tempered.
All dust smoothed.
This is called the mysterious levelling.
He who has achieved it cannot either be drawn into friendship or repelled,
Cannot be benefited, cannot be harmed,
Cannot either be raised or humbled,
And for that very reason is highest of all creatures under heaven.

魏建功為錢玄同治印魏建功為錢玄同治印玄同 (漢語詞彙)
玄同,拼音為 xuán tóng,漢語詞彙。有“玄字深奧微妙,同字相同參與聚集之意”。
出自《道德經》第五十六章: 挫其銳,解其紛, 和其光,同其塵, 是謂玄同。
三層含義:
1.名詞,混同一起,本質不同。 
2.動詞,學習變成對方類似的存在,混同而又不同。 
3.前兩者綜合,譬如純水溶於湖海河,水質同而原來本質不同。

含義
一、玄字深奧微妙,同字相同參與聚集之意,謂冥默中與道混同為一。
例:
《老子》第五十六章:“塞其兌,閉其門,挫其銳,解其紛,和其光,同其塵,是謂玄同。”
蘇轍解:“默然不言,而與道同矣。”
削曾子之行,鉗楊墨之口,攘棄仁義,天下之德玄同矣。 ——《莊子·胠篋》
與玄道混同也。 ——成玄英
萬物玄同,相忘於道。 ——晉葛洪《抱朴子·詰鮑》
靈居雖窅密,睿覽忽玄同。 ——唐張九齡《奉和聖制途經華山》
二、相一致;混同。 
例:
臣聞至公之道,上下玄同,用才不負其長,量力不受其短。 ——《晉書·陸玩傳》
帶氏曰:“今日為亞洲計,獨立其先也;均平生分其稍次也;玄同彼是,泯滅政法,其最後也。”——章炳麟《印度人之論國粹》


魏建功為錢玄同治印

玄:《說文》:「幽遠也。黑而有赤色者爲玄。象幽而入覆之也。凡玄之屬皆从玄。」河上公:「玄天也。」王弼:「玄者冥也。」老子五十一章:「玄德深矣,遠矣,與物反矣,然後乃至大順。」玄為幽遠而無法看到盡頭的樣子,此形容道的元始本體。

甲骨文玄與ㄠ同字,同作
。ㄠ即幼小之義,《説文》:「ㄠ,小也,象子初生之形。凡ㄠ之屬皆从ㄠ。」老子用「玄」字實雙關語,一方面指其深遠而不可測,另一方面指其為道之元始所生之子。又《老子》第十章「專氣致柔,能嬰兒乎」,第二十章「我獨泊兮,其未兆,如嬰兒之未孩」,二十八章「為天下谿,常德不離,復歸於嬰兒」,五十五章「含德之厚,比於赤子」,老子以嬰兒喻道,亦可從玄字窺得。

《莊子‧大宗師》:南伯子葵看到女偊年紀很大了但顏色卻像小孩一樣,覺得很是驚奇,於是問女偊怎麼一回事,女偊回答說他聞道了,並告訴南伯子葵說:「聞諸副墨之子,副墨之子聞諸洛誦之孫,洛誦之孫聞之瞻明,瞻明聞之聶許,聶許聞之需役,需役聞之於謳,於謳聞之玄冥,玄冥聞之參寥,參寥聞之疑始。」

河上公注:兩者,謂有欲無欲也。同出者,同出人心也。而異名者,所名各異也。名無欲者長存,名有欲者亡身也。玄,天也。言有欲之人與無欲之人,同受氣於天。天中復有天也。稟氣有厚薄,得中和滋液,則生聖賢;得錯亂污辱,則生貪淫也。能知天中復有天,稟氣有厚薄,除情去欲守中和,是謂知道要之門戶也。

王弼注:兩者,始與母也。同出者,同出於玄也。異名,所施不可同也。在首則謂之始,在終則謂之母。玄者,冥也,默然無有也。始母之所出也,不可得而名,故不可言,同名曰玄,而言謂之玄者,取於不可得而謂之然也。謂之然則不可以定乎一玄而已,則是名則失之遠矣。故曰,玄之又玄也。眾妙皆從同而出,故曰眾妙之門也。

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