Discrete Value

三十

離散 『ㄌㄧˊ ㄙㄢˋ』

Separate; distinct; individual; non-continuous.

That can be perceived individually and not as connected to, or part of something else.

A discrete valuation is an integer valuation on a 田 field K

Hydrogen Density Plots

量子

 量 quantity, capacity, amount 

In physics, a quantum (plural quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. The fundamental notion that a physical property can be "quantized" is referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude of the physical property can take on only discrete values consisting of integer multiples of one quantum.

For example, a photon is a single quantum of light (or of any other form of electromagnetic radiation). Similarly, the energy of an electron bound within an atom is quantized and can exist only in certain discrete values. (Atoms and matter, in general, are stable because electrons can exist only at discrete energy levels within an atom.) Quantization is one of the foundations of the much broader physics of quantum mechanics. Quantization of energy and its influence on how energy and matter interact (quantum electrodynamics) is part of the fundamental framework for understanding and describing nature.

The word quantum is the neuter singular of the Latin interrogative adjective quantus, meaning "how much". "Quanta", the neuter plural, short for "quanta of electricity" (electrons), was used in a 1902 article on the photoelectric effect by Philipp Lenard, who credited Hermann von Helmholtz for using the word in the area of electricity. However, the word quantum, in general, was well-known before 1900, e.g. quantum was used in E.A. Poe's Loss of Breath. It was often used by physicians, such as in the term quantum satis (Quantum satis (abbreviation q.s. or Q.S.) is a Latin term meaning the amount which is enough. It has its origins as a quantity specification in medicine and pharmacology,[citation needed] where a similar term quantum sufficit ("as much as is sufficient") has been used (abbreviated Q.S.). Both Helmholtz and Julius von Mayer were physicians as well as physicists. Helmholtz used quantum with reference to heat in his article on Mayer's work, and the word quantum can be found in the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics by Mayer in his letter dated July 24, 1841.

In 1901, Max Planck used quanta to mean "quanta of matter and electricity", gas, and heat. In 1905, in response to Planck's work and the experimental work of Lenard (who explained his results by using the term quanta of electricity), Albert Einstein suggested that radiation existed in spatially localized packets which he called "quanta of light" ("Lichtquanta").

The concept of quantization of radiation was discovered in 1900 by Max Planck, who had been trying to understand the emission of radiation from heated objects, known as black-body radiation. By assuming that energy can be absorbed or released only in tiny, differential, discrete packets (which he called "bundles", or "energy elements"), Planck accounted for certain objects changing colour when heated. On December 14, 1900, Planck reported his findings to the German Physical Society and introduced the idea of quantization for the first time as a part of his research on black-body radiation. As a result of his experiments, Planck deduced the numerical value of h, known as the Planck constant, and reported more precise values for the unit of electrical charge and the Avogadro–Loschmidt number, the number of real molecules in a mole, to the German Physical Society. After his theory was validated, Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery in 1918.

Quantisation

While quantisation was first discovered in electromagnetic radiation, it describes a fundamental aspect of energy not just restricted to photons. In the attempt to bring theory into agreement with the experiment, Max Planck postulated that electromagnetic energy is absorbed or emitted in discrete packets, or quanta.

畜

大畜

26. Da Chu
the Taming Power of the Great

the basic hexagrams:

☶   above Trigram Gèn 艮, Keeping Still, the mountain

☰   below Trigram Qián 乾, the Creative, the heaven

the nuclear hexagrams:

☳   above Trigram Zhèn 震, the Arousing, the thunder

☱   below Trigram Duì 兌, the Joyous, the lake

the enveloping hexagrams:

☲   above Trigram Lí 離, the Clinging, the fire

☰   below Trigram Qián 乾, the Creative, the heaven

the resonance trigram:

☱   Trigram Duì 兌, the Joyous, the lake

小畜

9. Xiao Xu
the Taming Power of the Small

the basic hexagrams:

☴   above Trigram Xùn 巽, the Gentle, the wind

☰   below Trigram Qián 乾, the Creative, the heaven

the nuclear hexagrams:

☲   above Trigram Lí 離, the Clinging, the fire

☱   below Trigram Duì 兌, the Joyous, the lake

the enveloping hexagrams:

☰   above Trigram Qián 乾, the Creative, the heaven

☰   below Trigram Qián 乾, the Creative, the heaven

the resonance trigram:

☳   Trigram Zhèn 震, the Arousing, the thunder