All Along the K◦K* Axis**
"There must be some way out of here"
Said the joker to the thief
"There's too much confusion
I can't get no relief
Businessmen, they drink my wine
Ploughmen dig my earth
None of them along the (KK axis) line
Know what any of it is worth"
[Verse 2]
"No reason to get excited"
The thief, he kindly spoke
"There are many here among us
Who feel that life is but a (yoke) joke
But you and I, we've been through that
And this is not our fate
So let us not talk falsely now
The hour is getting (7Øur ½) late"
[Verse 3]
All along the watchtower (崗樓 / 闕)
While all the women came and went
Barefoot servants too
Outside, in the distance
A wildcat did growl
Two riders were approaching
The wind began to howl
《中和集》& 《玄關》
Discretion° & Enlightenment (loKal & G◦loBal)
《道德經 第二章》
道德經: | 天下皆知美之為美,斯惡已。 皆知善之為善,斯不善已。 故有無相生,難易相成,長短相較,高下相傾,音聲相和,前後相隨。 是以聖人處無為之事,行不言之教;萬物作焉而不辭,生而不有。 為而不恃,功成而弗居。 夫唯弗居,是以不去。 (The nourishment of the person: nurturing & growth) All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is; they all know the skill of the skilful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the want of skill is. So it is that existence and non-existence give birth the one to (the idea of) the other; that difficulty and ease produce the one (the idea of) the other; that length and shortness fashion out the one the figure of the other; that (the ideas of) height and lowness arise from the contrast of the one with the other; that the musical notes and tones become harmonious through the relation of one with another; and that being before and behind give the idea of one following another. Therefore the sage manages affairs without doing anything and conveys his instructions without the use of speech. All things spring up, and there is not one which declines to show itself; they grow, and there is no claim made for their ownership; they go through their processes, and there is no expectation (of a reward for the results). The work is accomplished, and there is no resting in it (as an achievement). The work is done, but how no one can see; 'Tis this that makes the power not cease to be. |
7Ø ½ VII Age of reason
The age of reason is the age at which children attain the use of reason and begin to have moral responsibility. On completion of the seventh year, a minor is presumed to have the use of reason, but intellectual disability can prevent some individuals from ever attaining the use of reason. The term "use of reason" appears in the Code of Canon Law 17 times, but "age of reason" does not appear. However, the term "age of reason" is used in canon law commentaries such as the New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law published by Paulist Press in 2002.
Children who do not have the use of reason and the mentally disabled are sometimes called "innocents" because of their inability to commit sins: even if their actions are objectively sinful, they sometimes lack the capacity for subjective guilt.
In the Eastern Catholic Churches, the Eucharist and Confirmation are given immediately after baptism, even to infants who do not yet have the use of reason. In Latin Rite Catholicism, Confirmation is conferred, except in danger of death, only on persons who have the use of reason; and Holy Communion may be administered to children only if "they have sufficient knowledge and careful preparation so that they understand the mystery of Christ according to their capacity and are able to receive the Body of Christ with faith and devotion." In danger of death, the Eucharist may be administered also to children who lack the use of reason, if the child can distinguish the sacrament from ordinary food and receive it reverently. This is likewise true for those who have severe intellectual disabilities such that they are not assumed ever to gain the use of reason.
The Book of Balance and Harmony ("Zhong he ji" 《中和集》) is a thirteenth-century Chinese anthology by the Taoist master Daochun Li which outlines the teachings and practices of 全眞 the Quanzhen School ("Way of complete reality").
《中和集》begins by affirming the theory of the Integration of the Three Doctrines ("Sanjiao Heyi",《三教合一》). This theory holds that Daoism, Confucianism and Buddhism evolved in different ways but are all based on the Absolute, or Supreme Ultimate ( "Taiji",《太極》). Thus the opening lines of the book state:
Central to the book is the search for the "gold pill" ("Jindan", 《金丹》), which produces spiritual transcendence and immortality. This practice is divided into Weidan (outer medicine) which deals with the physical body, and inner medicine ("Neidan",《內丹》), which includes various forms of mental practices and deals with the spirit.
The Book of Harmony also describes the experience of the "Mysterious Pass" ("Xuanguan",《玄關》) and states that it has no fixed physical location. The Mysterious Pass is the central experience in which the Taoist practitioner achieves transcendence. The book then proceeds to outline a wide variety of practices and meditation techniques to achieve vitality, energy, and spirit - named the "three treasures". They are the essential energies sustaining human life:
- Jing 精 "nutritive essence, essence; refined, perfected; extract; spirit, sperm, seed"
- Qi 氣 "vitality, energy, force; air, vapour; breath; spirit, vigour; attitude"
- Shen 神 "spirit; soul, mind; god, deity; supernatural being"
This 精-氣-神 ordering is more commonly used than the variants 氣-精-神 and 神-氣-精.
In 內丹 "internal alchemy" practice (Despeux 2008:563), transmuting 三寶 sānbǎo (the Three Treasures) is expressed through the phrases 鍊精化氣 (lianjing huaqi) "refining essence into breath", 鍊氣化神 (lianqi huashen) "refining breath into the spirit", and 鍊神還虛 (lianshen huanxu) "refining spirit and reverting to Emptiness". Both Neidan and Neo-Confucianism (Despeux 2008:564-5) distinguish the three between 先天 (xiantian) "prior to heaven" and 後天 (houtian) "posterior to heaven", referring to Yuanjing 元精 "Original Essence", Yuanqi 元氣 "Original Breath", and yuanshen 元神 "Original Spirit".
The (2nd century BCE) Huainanzi refers to qi and shen with xing 形 "form; shape; body".
The book also includes a varied collection of Poems and Songs.
"Discretion is the better part of valour" is an idiom which is generally understood to mean the avoidance of problems or unnecessary risks by thinking carefully and exercising caution before taking action.
The phrase is also found in Act V, Scene IV of the Shakespearean play Henry IV, Part 1, spoken by Falstaff to Prince Hal when the latter has mistaken the former for dead. Falstaff, who had been playing dead on the battlefield to avoid being killed, tells Hal, "The better part of valour is discretion; in the which better part I have saved my life."
In topology, a discrete space is a particularly simple example of a topological space or similar structure, one in which the points form a discontinuous sequence, meaning they are isolated from each other in a certain sense. The discrete topology is the finest topology that can be given on a set, i.e., it defines all subsets as open sets. In particular, each singleton is an open set in the discrete topology. The objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values.
The driver of a triga was called a trigarius. Since the three-horse yoking was uncommon, trigarius may also mean a participant in the equestrian exercises of the trigarium in general.
Isidore of Seville comments on the sacral origin of chariot races as part of the public games (ludi), which were held in conjunction with certain religious festivals. The four-horse quadriga, Isidore says, represents the sun, and the two-horse biga the moon; the triga is for the infernal gods (di inferi), with the three horses representing the three ages of human beings: childhood 子, youth, and old age 老.
- Synonym: age of discretion
- 1762, Allan Bloom (translator), Jean Jacques Rousseau (author), Émile, or, on Education:
- Book 1:
- Reason alone teaches us to know good and bad. . . . Before the age of reason we do good and bad without knowing it, and there is no morality in our actions. . . . A child wants to upset everything he sees; he smashes, breaks everything he can reach.
- Book 4:
- We hold that no child who dies before the age of reason will be deprived of eternal happiness. . . . The whole difference I see here between you and me is that you claim that children have this capacity [i.e., to recognize the divinity] at seven, and I do not even accord it to them at fifteen.
- 2006, February: Julia Sweeney, “Letting Go of God” performed at TED2006, 0:16–0:54
- On September tenth — the morning of my seventh birthday — I came downstairs to the kitchen, where my mother was washing the dishes and my father was… reading the paper or something, and I sort-of presented myself to them in the doorway, and they said “Hey! Happy birthday!” And I said, “I’m seven.” And my father smiled and said, “Well, you know what that means, don’t you?” And I said “Yeah… that I’m gonna have a party and a cake and get a lot of presents (?)” And my dad said, “Well, yes, but more importantly, being seven means that you’ve reached the age of reason, and you’re now capable of committing any and all sins against God and man.”
- c. 2008, Michelle Arnold, "What is the correct age for confirmation?," www.catholic.com (retrieved 29 Oct 2013):
- Since the Church has traditionally understood the age of reason to be seven years old, your daughter would not be too young to receive confirmation at age eight.
- Synonym: Enlightenment
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