V一 Investigator (P'P')

• 5. The Investigator: Type Five is a person who pulls back from the world and others to observe and prefers to live in their mind. They may be wise, visionary, and knowledgeable; or abstract, stingy, eccentric, and intellectually arrogant.

Гео́ргий Ива́нович Гурджи́ев, George Ivanovich Gurdjieff

Γεώργιος Γεωργιάδης, 

Գեորգի Գյուրջիև

Gurdjieff’s Fourth Way:

Achievement of a Modern Enlightenment 

Around the turn of the 20th century, the mysticism movement aimed to bridge the gap between western and eastern philosophies with theosophy, esotericism, and a burgeoning interest in the occult. This spiritual zeitgeist inspired George Gurdjieff to develop the Fourth Way; exercises that can be incorporated into one’s daily life to remove yourself from a state of hypnotic waking sleep.

The Fourth Way:

Hindu, Sufi, & Christian Esotericism

Deeply devoted spiritual practices often focus on either a detachment from the physical or a strict dominance over it. Georges Gurdjieff did not see these attempts to embrace a higher self as practical, believing instead that enlightenment could be achieved without asceticism.

Born in 1866 in Alexandropol, Armenia, Gurdjieff was inspired by the theosophical movement and decided to travel to Central Asia and the Middle East in search of esoteric spiritual leaders and seekers of truth. Upon his return, he penned a series of books that would become the foundation of his spiritual practice: The Fourth Way. The second book in the series and 1979 film, Meetings with Remarkable Men, detailed his encounters with spiritual leaders on his journey who were more likely fictional characters symbolic of the three “ways” preceding his.

During his travels, he was inspired by the spiritual ways of the fakir, monk, and yogi, though he saw their methods as only successful in achieving a fraction of development, with the more practical roots of their disciplines lost in antiquity. At the same time, he believed that the effects of modern technology and society were entrancing everyone into a hypnotic waking sleep.

Meetings with Remarkable Men

The fakir, living solely on alms, gives his life to the domination of the physical body, requiring endurance and pain. The monk is focused on emotion through faith, religious zeal, and sacrifice. While the yogi gives his life to the mind, developing his inner being at the cost of undervaluing his body and emotions.  Gurdjieff saw these three ways to be extreme paths to enlightenment, and that there must be a more rounded fourth way to be undertaken without completely sacrificing certain aspects of life.

Gurdjieff noticed that most of the paths to enlightenment required some form of asceticism, but he didn’t want to accept that as the only avenue, so his life became a testament to this, although sometimes paradoxically.

Despite his adherence to spiritual development, he was known to be a bit of a hedonist, fond of Armagnac and opium. His philosophy was strict, despite its aversion to religious rigidity; he professed an ethereal worldview, founded on pragmatism and human desires.

But this seems to be the point of the Fourth Way, a middle ground of continual search, always questioning one’s path, grounded in reality, while attempting to connect with the otherworldly.

 

The Fourth Way Exercises

So, what exactly was Gurdjieff’s method for reconciling one’s humanity with spirituality? It all stems down to the Fourth Way’s exercises known as “The Work.” Essentially, it is a method of constant, objective introspection, to wipe away the societal constructs and attributes that have been imbued on man. Gurdjieff gave two primary exercises in addition to some fundamental laws and concepts.

• Self-Observation
• • • Through a daily ritual of self-observation, one should strive to observe their own behaviour and habits, particularly those that would be viewed negatively in others, but observed without judging or analyzing.
    • This internal observance is done while simultaneously being aware of your external environment.
    • Self-observance should be non-critical and should be understood: you are not what you observe.
    • What you are observing is a façade of a false personality, a product of modern society.

These processes of self-observation and self-remembering are meant to break down the many I’s, or the fragmentation of the psyche through personal desires separating us from each other. Gurdjieff spoke about our being as having two parts: essence and personality. Our essence is the natural part we are born with, while personality is everything artificial learned in society. Our being is also composed of three centres: the intellectual, emotional and physical. And one must use “the Work” to strive to attain higher intellectual and higher emotional.

There are two conceptual teachings of Gurdjieff that sum up his philosophy of the Fourth Way: The Law of Three and The Law of Seven.

The Law of Seven, also known as the Law of Octaves, is a fundamental cosmic law that states: nothing in nature constantly occurs in a straight line, everything eventually deviates. This all-encompassing law hints at his belief in an intrinsic connection between music and nature, the idea that between certain musical intervals more energy is required to maintain the original intent. This is meant to speak to the unpredictability of human nature, aims, and endeavours, which also require extra energy at times to continue their original course.

The Law of Three is another fundamental cosmic law, stating that every phenomenon is composed of three sources: active, passive, and neutral. This can be thought of as a law of transformation which always requires affirmation, denial and reconciliation.  This triad of action creates an ascending or descending octave and is symbolic of every structure and action within the universe and man.

 

 

These laws are depicted in the most recognized symbol of Gurdjieff’s Fourth Way, the enneagram, a 9-pointed figure within a circle.

This connection of music and philosophy was recurrent throughout Gurdjieff's philosophy as he became known as a musician. He spoke of music as having a sort of objective power that could be felt in the same way a snake responds to the music of a snake charmer.

Gurdjieff’s ideas never became widely popular in the New Age and self-help space, though they are often classified there. The Fourth Way is not a concept that has mass appeal. Honest self-observation can be painful and bring anxiety to those who are not ready to face it. Stripping down your identity and confronting negative personal traits takes hard work and can leave one feeling lost or confused.

This is why it is necessary to resist the urge to judge what you see and just see it for what it is. Eventually, it can become profound and redeeming, possibly even leading to a higher state of consciousness.