神經

Divins Entrelacs

nerve (bundle of neurons)

古代漢語的涵義是指神秘且奧妙的典籍，最初的漢譯是「細筋」。

而近代醫學用詞「神經」係由杉田玄白翻譯荷蘭醫學書籍所創造新的名稱，是荷蘭語的Zenuw的意譯詞，把神氣的「神」和經脈的「經」合併成「神經」一詞，20世紀初大量日語詞彙湧入中國，現為流行使用的中文譯名。

A nanosecond before the acknowledgement of the persona

A millisecond before the utterance of speech

Stretched onto an eternity of presence

That I ॐ 

A motor signal from the central nervous system (CNS) to the periphery is called an efference and a copy of this signal is called an efference copy 「感知副本」. Sensory information coming from sensory receptors in the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system is called afference. On a similar basis, nerves into the nervous system are afferent nerves and ones out are termed efferent nerves.

An efference copy or efferent copy is an internal copy of an outflowing (efferent), movement-producing signal generated by an organism's motor system.

Efference copies do occur not only with spoken words but with inner language — the quiet production of words.

In the case of inner speech, the efference signal is not sent or is inhibited before an action takes place, leaving only the efference copy and leading to the perception of inner speech or inner hearing.

Corollary discharge「感知回饋」 is characterized as an efference copy of an action command used to inhibit any response to the self-generated sensory signal which would interfere with the execution of the motor task. The inhibitory commands originate at the same time as the motor command and target the sensory pathway that would report any reafference to higher levels of the CNS. This is unique from the efference copy since the corollary discharge is actually fed into the sensory pathway to cancel out the reafferent signals generated by the movement. Alternatively, corollary discharges briefly alter self-generated sensory responses to reduce self-induced desensitization or help distinguish between self-generated and externally generated sensory information.