— XIIIth æon — 

@an age of 13.787±0.020 billion years

— as interpreted with the Lambda-CDM concordance model as of 2018 —

『We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the aeon and the light-year.』

— Robert L. Dorit, “Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, page 23, 2012, January 1, 

重離 — Reonisation — 再電離 

or the process that caused ䷁ 二 坤 (kūn), "field" matter in the universe to 重離 reionize 

after 坎 the lapse of 玄之又玄， the "dark ages"

with ubiquitous 29 坎 ䷜ ䷝ 離 30

under the guidance, rule & law of 

常道/常名

& within their wheel 

離子 Ions are ubiquitous in nature and are responsible for diverse phenomena from the luminescence of the Sun to the existence of the Earth's ionosphere.

During the ionisation process, either losses or gains of electrons are registered (no judgement).

WSLS

U win some, U lose some.

你贏了一些，輸了一些。

Defining cations and anions, using hydrogen as an example

The hydrogen atom (centre) contains a single proton and a single electron. Removal of the electron gives a cation (left), whereas the addition of an electron gives an anion (right). The hydrogen anion, with its loosely held two-electron cloud, has a larger radius than the neutral atom, which in turn is much larger than the bare proton of the cation. Hydrogen forms the only charge-+1 cation that has no electrons, but even cations that (unlike hydrogen) retain one or more electrons are still smaller than the neutral atoms or molecules from which they are derived.

An anion (−) (from the Greek word ἄνω (ánō), meaning "up") is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged).

A cation (+) (from the Greek word κάτω (káto), meaning "down") is an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge.

The energy required to detach an electron in its lowest energy state from an atom or molecule of a gas with less net electric charge is called 電離能 the ionization potential or ionization energy. The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to detach its nth electron after the first n − 1 electrons have already been detached.

Each successive ionization energy is markedly greater than the last. Particularly great increases occur after any given block of atomic orbitals is exhausted of electrons. For this reason, ions tend to form in ways that leave them with full orbital blocks. For example, sodium has one valence electron in its outermost shell, so in ionized form, it is commonly found with one lost electron, as Na+.

On the other side of the periodic table, chlorine has seven valence electrons, so in ionized form, it is commonly found with one gained electron, as Cl−.

Caesium has the lowest measured ionization energy of all the elements and helium has the greatest. In general, the ionization energy of metals is much lower than the ionization energy of nonmetals, which is why, in general, metals will lose electrons to form positively charged ions and nonmetals will gain electrons to form negatively charged ions.

Ionic bonding 離子鍵合 『離合/Cf.離合器 Clutch/Embrayage』

Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that arises from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions. Ions of like charge repel each other, and ions of opposite charge attract each other. Therefore, ions do not usually exist on their own but will bind with ions of opposite charges to form a crystal lattice. The resulting compound is called an ionic compound and is said to be held together by ionic bonding. In ionic compounds, there arise characteristic distances between ion neighbours from which the spatial extension and the ionic radius of individual ions may be derived.

Eon/aeon (chiefly British or Gnostic) (aeon, plural aeons)

1. (US) Eternity.
2. A period of 1,000,000,000 years, a billion years (10⁹ years, abbreviated AE).
3. (geology) The longest time period used in geology.
4. (US, informal, hyperbolic) A long period of time.
5. (Gnosticism, usually spelt aeon or æon) A spirit being emanating from the Godhead.

αἰών • (aiṓn) m (genitive αἰῶνος); third declension

1. lifetime
2. generation
3. a long period of time, aeon, epoch, age
4. the current world
5. eternity

From earlier αἰϝών (aiwṓn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life, long life, eternity”), whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum*, English aye.

aevum (philosophy) the mean between time and eternity; the state of being of the angels and saints in heaven

Synonyms

(mean between time and eternity): aeviternity

Earlier aevom, aivom, from Proto-Italic *aiwom (“period, age”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“long time, lifetime”).

* aevum n (genitive aevī); second declension

1. (principally): time as a single, unified, continuous and limitless entity; infinite time, time without end; to wit: eternity, agelessness, timelessness。 Synonym: aeternitās
2. (restrictedly): an undefined, particularly long period of time: an age, an era, a term, a duration。 Synonym: aetās
3. (restrictedly, pertaining to a person): generation, lifetime, lifespan。 Synonym: aetās
4. (Medieval Latin, philosophy) aevum, the mean between time and eternity, aeviternity