Far R(o)AM。ing
遠遊: Yuǎnyóu (Far Roaming or Far-off Journey) is a short work anthologized in the 楚辭 "Chuci" (Songs of Chu, sometimes called The Songs of the South).
It is a poetic conceit involving a shamanic/Daoist flight to various places on earth and in heaven. Traditionally attributed to 屈原 Qu Yuan, though there is little likelihood that he is the actual author, especially as the imagery of the cosmos, of the beings and deities encountered during this vast trip, are rather typical of the literary circle around the 漢朝 Hàncháo, Han Dynasty Prince of 淮南國 Huáinán, 劉安 Liú Ān, according to David Hawkes. (2011 [1985]: 191 – 193)
道士為「羽客」資料顯示，屈原（公元前340-278年）是中國第一位因詩歌而聞名的人，事實上如此出名，以至於中國人通過稱為“詩人節”或“端午節”的國定假日來慶祝自己的一生。他的作品構成了中國詩歌的第二古老選集《楚歌》的核心，其意象來自薩滿教的儀式。它的薩滿讚美詩是世界上最美麗，最神秘的禮儀作品之一。負責拍攝圖像的宗教環境為他最著名的作品《離騷》提供了背景，這將薩滿精神向狂熱者的渴望轉化為對中國古代哲學核心的理想國王的嚮往。
屈原對中國文學的發展同樣重要，就像荷馬對西方文學的發展一樣重要。這種翻譯試圖向原本打算的人復製作品可能意味著的含義，而不是為繼承該作品的人們所理解的含義下定決心。它解釋了最近發現啟發了人們對楚國的新看法。
Sources show屈原 Qu Yuan (?340–278 BCE) was the first person in China to become famous for his poetry, so famous in fact that the Chinese celebrate his life with a national holiday called Poet's Day, or the Dragon Boat Festival. His work, which forms the core of The Songs of Chu, the second oldest anthology of Chinese poetry, derives its imagery from shamanistic ritual. Its shaman hymns are among the most beautiful and mysterious liturgical works in the world. The religious milieu responsible for their imagery supplies the backdrop for his most famous work, 《離騷》Li Sao "The Lament" or "Encountering Sorrow", which translates shamanic longing for a spirit lover into the yearning for an ideal king that is central to the ancient philosophies of China.
屈原Qu Yuan was as important to the development of Chinese literature as Homer was to the development of Western literature. This translation attempts to replicate what the work might have meant to those for whom it was originally intended, rather than settle for what it was made to mean by those who inherited it. It accounts for the new view of the state of Chu that recent discoveries have inspired.
楚辭/遠遊
遠遊
楚辭卷第五
作者：屈原 戰國
悲時俗之近阨兮，願輕舉而遠遊。
質菲薄而無因兮，焉托乘而上浮？
遭沈濁而污穢兮，獨鬱結其誰語！
夜耿耿而不寐兮，魂營營而至曙。
惟天地之無窮兮，哀人生之長勤，
往者余弗及兮，來者吾不聞，
步徙倚而遙思兮，怊惝怳而乖懷。
意荒忽而流蕩兮，心愁淒而增悲。
神倏忽而不反兮，形枯槁而獨留。
內惟省以端操兮，還應正氣之所由。
漠虛靜以恬愉兮，澹無為而自得。
聞赤松之清塵兮，願承風乎遺則。
貴真人之休德兮，美往世之登仙，
與化去而不風兮，名聲著而日延。
奇傅說之托辰星兮，羨韓眾之得一。
形穆穆以浸遠兮，離人群而遁逸。
因氣變而遂曾舉兮，忽神奔而鬼怪。
時彷彿以遙見兮，精皎皎以往來。
超氛埃而淑郵兮，終不反其故都。
免眾患而不懼兮，世莫知其所如。
恐天時之代序兮，耀靈曄而西征。
微霜降而下淪兮，悼芳草之先零。
聊仿佯而逍遙兮，永歷年而無成。
誰可與玩斯遺芳兮？長向風而舒情。
高陽邈以遠兮，余將焉所程？
重曰：
春秋忽其不淹兮，奚久留此故居。
軒轅不可攀援兮，吾將從王喬而娛戲。
餐六氣而飲沆瀣兮，漱正陽而含朝霞。
保神明之清澄兮，精氣入而粗穢除。
順凱風以從游兮，至南巢而一息。
見王子而宿之兮，審一氣之和德。
曰：「道可受兮，不可傳；
其小無內兮，其大無垠；
毋滑而魂兮，彼將自然；
一氣孔神兮，於中夜存；
虛以待之存，無以為先；
庶類以成兮，此德之門。」
聞至貴而遂徂兮，忽乎吾將行。
仍羽人於丹丘，留不死之舊鄉。
朝濯發於湯谷兮，夕晞余身兮九陽。
吸飛泉之微液兮，懷琬琰之華英。
玉色頩以脕顏兮，精醇粹而始壯。
質銷鑠以汋約兮，神要眇以淫放。
嘉南州之炎德兮，麗桂樹之冬榮；
山蕭條而無獸兮，野寂漠其無人。
載營魄而登霞兮，掩浮雲而上征。
命天閽其開關兮，排閶闔而望予。
如豐隆使先導兮，問太微之所居。
集重陽入帝宮兮，造旬始而觀清都。
朝發軔於太儀兮，夕始臨乎於微閭。
屯余車之萬乘兮，紛容與而並馳。
駕八龍之婉婉兮，載雲旗之逶蛇。
建雄虹之采旄兮，五色雜而炫耀。
服偃蹇以低昂兮，驂連蜷以驕驁。
騎膠葛以雜亂兮，斑漫衍而方行。
撰余轡而正策兮，吾將過乎句芒。
歷太皓以右轉兮，前飛廉以啟路。
陽杲杲其未光兮，凌天地以徑度。
風伯為作先驅兮，氛埃辟而清涼。
鳳凰翼其承旗兮，遇蓐收乎西皇。
攬慧星以為旍兮，舉斗柄以為麾。
叛陸離其上下兮，游驚霧之流波。
時暖曃其曭莽兮，召玄武而奔屬。
後文昌使掌行兮，選署眾神以並轂。
路漫漫其修遠兮，徐弭節而高厲。
左雨師使徑侍兮，右雷公以為衛。
欲度世以忘歸兮，意姿睢以擔撟。
內欣欣而自美兮，聊愉娛以淫樂。
涉青雲以氾濫游兮，忽臨睨夫舊鄉。
僕夫懷余心悲兮，邊馬顧而不行。
思舊故以想像兮，長太息而掩涕。
泛容與而遐舉兮，聊抑志而自弭。
指炎神而直馳兮，吾將往乎南疑。
覽方外之荒忽兮，沛[罔]瀁而自浮。
祝融戒而蹕御兮，騰告鸞鳥迎宓妃。
張《咸池》奏《承雲》兮，二女御《九韶》歌。
使湘靈鼓瑟兮，令海若舞馮夷。
玄螭蟲象並出進兮，形蟉虯而逶蛇。
雌蜺便娟以增撓兮，鸞鳥軒翥而翔飛。
音樂博衍無終極兮，焉及逝以徘徊。
舒並節以馳騖兮，逴絕垠乎寒門。
軼迅風天清源兮，從顓瑣乎增冰。
歷玄冥以邪徑兮，乘間維以反顧。
召黔贏而見之兮，為余先乎平路。
經營四方兮，周流六漠。
上至列缺兮，降望大壑。
下崢嶸而無地兮，上寥廓而無天。
視倏忽而無見兮，聽惝恍而無聞。
超無為以至清兮，與泰初而為鄰。
楚辭卷第六
作者：屈原 戰國
《楚辭》卜居
《文選》卷第三十三
古文觀止
《文選》卷第三十三
卜居 楚 辭
屈原既放，三年不得復見，竭智盡忠，而蔽障於讒；心煩慮亂，不知所從。乃往見太卜鄭詹尹曰：「余有所疑，願因先生決之！」詹尹乃端筴拂龜曰：「君將何以教之？」屈原曰：
「吾寧悃悃款款，朴以忠乎？將送往勞來，斯無窮乎？
寧誅鋤草茆，以力耕乎？將遊大人，以成名乎？
寧正言不諱，以危身乎？將從俗富貴，以媮生乎？
寧超然高舉，以保真乎？將哫訾慄斯，喔咿嚅唲，以事婦人乎？
寧廉潔正直，以自清乎？將突梯滑稽，如脂如韋，以絜楹乎？
寧昂昂若千里之駒乎？將氾氾若水中之鳧乎？與波上下，偷以全吾軀乎？
寧與騏驥亢軛乎？將隨駑馬之迹乎？
寧與黃鵠比翼乎？將與雞鶩爭食乎？
此孰吉孰凶？何去何從？
世溷濁而不清，蟬翼為重，千鈞為輕；
黃鐘毀棄，瓦釜雷鳴；
讒人高張，賢士無名。
吁嗟默默兮！誰知吾之廉貞？」
詹尹乃釋筴而謝曰：「夫尺有所短，寸有所長；物有所不足，智有所不明；數有所不逮，神有所不通；用君之心，行君之意，龜筴誠不能知此事！」
註釋
- ↑ 屈原︰戰國時楚人。
- ↑ 放︰放逐。
- ↑ 蔽障於讒︰謂楚懷王受讒言所蒙蔽而將屈原放逐。
- ↑ 太卜︰主卜筮之官。
- ↑ 筴︰即蓍草，用以筮者，同「策」。
- ↑ 龜︰即靈龜，用以卜者。
- ↑ 悃悃款款︰誠懇、忠心。
- ↑ 朴︰同「樸」。
- ↑ 送往勞來斯無窮︰謂迎合世俗以免於窮困。
- ↑ 茆︰茅草。
- ↑ 遊︰求仕、做官。
- ↑ 媮生︰苟安。媮，同「偷」。
- ↑ 真︰天真。
- ↑ 哫訾︰諂媚。
- ↑ 喔咿嚅唲︰皆強笑也。
- ↑ 婦人︰指楚懷王的寵姬鄭袖。
- ↑ 突梯︰圓滑無稜角。
- ↑ 絜楹︰謂諂媚奉承以圖利。
- ↑ 氾氾︰浮游不定也。
- ↑ 騏驥︰千里馬也。
- ↑ 亢軛︰駕車也。
- ↑ 駑︰劣馬。
Songs of Chu 楚辭
卷第五 遠遊 Chapter 5: Far-off Journey
Grieving at a dead-end in a degenerate time,
I wished to be weightless, to ascend and wander far away,
But with no such power among my feeble gifts,
What would I ride to float to the sky?
I was sinking into a bog, overwhelmed by filth,
In stifling sadness—who was there to turn to?
Wide-eyed, sleepless nights I lay alone,
Till morning light fell on my cowering soul.
Ponder the endless cycles of Earth and Sky,
Lament how we fret our lives away.
Our past is lost—
Our future, unknown.
I paced the floor, yearning for far-off realms,
Feeling abandoned, hopeless, my heart awry,
My thoughts confounded and adrift on an anchorless sea,
And I sank deeper and deeper into gloom.
Then suddenly my soul flitted out and away,
And did not return, as my earthbound body withered.
And with the inner eye my only guide,
I set forth to find the source of primordial energy.
Detached, clear, and calm I felt joy,
Contentment born of a placid lack of intention.
I had heard the stories of Red Pine’s2 miraculous life,
And now wished to walk his path of purity.
There is nothing higher than the powers of the perfected ones,
Nothing more beautiful than those who anciently attained
Transcendence,
Vanishing into unity with cosmic process,
Leaving but name and legend to age with the days.
We wonder at Fu Yue3 who lives among the stars,
And envy Han Zhong’s4 attainment of Oneness.
Their serene, dignified forms gradually grew more distant,
Until they broke free of the human herd and went beyond.
There their energy changed as they rose higher,
Until their yang spirit, bolted5 as their yin spirit marvelled,
And sometimes in the distance, they seem to appear,
Shimmering back and forth across the night sky.
They transcended the dust and cleansed themselves of care,
Never to return to the cities they knew.
Freed of crowding threats they had no fear,
Of a world where none could guess where they had gone.
I dread the endless cycles of celestial time,
The effulgent spirit’s beaming westward march.
Snow falls thin to thicken where it falls,
And I mourn that the most fragrant plants will wither first.
For a moment I wandered aimless, distracting myself
From thinking of the years, my many fruitless years.
With whom could I enjoy the fragrance left?
When dawn came I confided my heart to the wind—
Long gone in distant time is Gaoyang,6
To whom could I look for a model?
And I say again:
As untarrying springs and autumns speed by,
Why stay here, where I’ve lived so long,
Where the Yellow Lord is beyond my reach?
I will follow Wang Qiao7 for the fun, for the play.
Taking in the six energies,8 I drink the dew of northern midnights.
I rinse my mouth with the light of southern noons,
And hold in my mouth the reddish sunrise air.
Thus will I keep my spirit pure,
Absorbing the subtle, expelling the gross.
Drifting on a mild southern breeze,
I arrive at South Nest9 to spend the night
Where Master Wang with open doors receives me.
And I sought from him the secret of primordial energy.10
And he said:
The Way can be learned,
But cannot be taught.
It is so small it has no inside,
So vast it has no outline.
Maintain your spirit unconfused,
And it will become what it is.
The primordial energy is very numinous,
Accumulate it at midnight,
Attend to this in a state of utter emptiness,
In a state prior to Nonintention.
All things are thereby completed—
This is the gateway to its power.
Having heard this most precious teaching I set forth,
Eager to put it into practice.
I followed the Winged People11 to the Cinnabar Hills,12
And stayed in the old country of the Undying.
In the morning I washed my hair in Hot Water Valley,13
dried myself in the warmth of nine-afternoon suns,14
and drank the elixir spraying from the Flying Springs.15
Then I placed the flower of wan and yan jades16 in the bosom of my robe,
And my complexion took on the glistening texture of the jade.
Vigour surged through me as my essence grew pure,
For I was shedding my grosser elements and becoming light as gauze,
And my spirit power flowed freely.
I admired the flaming aura of this southern region,
And loved the cinnamon trees that bloom there in winter,
But its creatureless mountains were deserted,
And its uninhabited wilds were silent,
So I lifted my altered spirit and mounted the sunset clouds,
Which concealed me as I journeyed higher.
I ordered the celestial gateman to open the sky gates.
He pushed them open and stared at me.
I called Fenglong17 to be my guide,
To find where the spirit of Great Subtlety18 resided.
Reaching the highest and clearest sky I entered the Sky Lord’s palace.
Arriving at Venus I surveyed the Pure Capital.
In the morning I set out from the Heavenly Court,19
And by evening was looking down upon Mount Yuweilü.20
I mustered my ten thousand chariots,
And at a leisurely pace, we proceeded abreast,
Driving teams of eight undulating dragons,
Serpentine waves of streamers above us.
Rainbow pennons with yak-tail crests rose high,
Their many colours blinding,
Over the bobbing heads of yoke dragons,
And the muscular writhing of trace dragons.
Around the chariots, a bustling horde of cavalry
Proceeded shoulder to shoulder in an endless motley wave.
I grasped the reigns and raised the whip,
And led them to Goumang’s21 realm.
We passed Tai Hao22 and turned right.
Feilian23 went ahead to scout,
As the glow of the sun preceded its rise,
We crossed the Sky Pool24 and moved forward.
When the Wind Earl25 sped ahead to herald my arrival,
Dust fled the airy path leaving it clean and cool.
Phoenixes winging overhead served as my banners,
As I met Rushou26 in the realm of the Western Lord.27
I used a comet as my ox-tailed and feathered flag,
And held the handle of the Broom Star28 for a signal banner.
Up and down in coloured bands
Flowed the waves of the startled mists we rode.
But as the darkening hour obscured the way,
I summoned the Black Warrior29 to serve as rear guard.
And had Wen Chang30 behind command those in my train,
Selecting and assigning spirits to protect my chariot.
On the endlessly long journey,
We slowed as we climbed to a higher place.
I had the Rain God31 serve as a bodyguard on my left,
And the Thunder God32 on my right.
I was ready to escape the world and never look back,
To break the bonds and soar.
Joy filled my heart and pride,
And, for the moment, lost in my own happiness,
I was wandering aimlessly through clouds and blue sky,
When I caught sight of that old home of mine.
My charioteer fell homesick and my heart grieved,
The draft beasts looked back and would not go on.
Images of fond old times filled my mind with longing,
Deep in sighs, I wiped my tears away.
But breaking my hovering delay I rose higher,
Suppressing the thoughts for a time, controlling myself.
I pointed to the God of Fire33 and we galloped straight toward him.
I was on my way to the Southern Doubts.34
Seeing the vastness of the world beyond my homeland,
I let myself float as though on open seas.
Zhu Rong gave warning and the road was cleared of people.
News was relayed, luan birds welcomed Fufei,35
Musicians played “Xian Pond”36 and “Holding Clouds,”37
And the two daughters of Yao38 performed the “Nine Shao” song.39
They had the Xiang River spirits play the many stringed se.
And when they had Ruo,40 the ocean god, dance with the River Earl,
Black dragons and monsters of the sea surfaced and joined in,
Their forms bending and coiling.
The voluptuous rainbow women added their charm,
And the luan birds soared and hovered above.
Music and joy were everywhere, endless,
And I lingered—how could I leave then?
We gave free rein to our dragons and the procession ran wild,
Arriving at the Gate of Winter41 at an extreme end of the sky,
And we overtook the speedy winds at Clear Spring,42
And followed Zhuan Xu43 through the piled-up ice.
We visited Mysterious Dark44 taking a side road.
As we charioted through high heavens, we looked back,
And I summoned Qian Ying45 to audience with me,
And he guided me onto level road.
I traversed the four wilds,
And travelled all over the six directions,
So high I could see through the seams between the skies,
Then I looked down toward the abysmal sea.
Below me was only landless depth,
And above me, skyless space.
I looked but saw the blur of nothing,
I listened but heard the muffled silence of nothing.
I had transcended Nonintention and arrived at perfect purity,
A short distance from the Great Beginning.46
I wished to be weightless, to ascend and wander far away,
But with no such power among my feeble gifts,
What would I ride to float to the sky?
I was sinking into a bog, overwhelmed by filth,
In stifling sadness—who was there to turn to?
Wide-eyed, sleepless nights I lay alone,
Till morning light fell on my cowering soul.
Ponder the endless cycles of Earth and Sky,
Lament how we fret our lives away.
Our past is lost—
Our future, unknown.
I paced the floor, yearning for far-off realms,
Feeling abandoned, hopeless, my heart awry,
My thoughts confounded and adrift on an anchorless sea,
And I sank deeper and deeper into gloom.
Then suddenly my soul flitted out and away,
And did not return, as my earthbound body withered.
And with the inner eye my only guide,
I set forth to find the source of primordial energy.
Detached, clear, and calm I felt joy,
Contentment born of a placid lack of intention.
I had heard the stories of Red Pine’s2 miraculous life,
And now wished to walk his path of purity.
There is nothing higher than the powers of the perfected ones,
Nothing more beautiful than those who anciently attained
Transcendence,
Vanishing into unity with cosmic process,
Leaving but name and legend to age with the days.
We wonder at Fu Yue3 who lives among the stars,
And envy Han Zhong’s4 attainment of Oneness.
Their serene, dignified forms gradually grew more distant,
Until they broke free of the human herd and went beyond.
There their energy changed as they rose higher,
Until their yang spirit, bolted5 as their yin spirit marvelled,
And sometimes in the distance, they seem to appear,
Shimmering back and forth across the night sky.
They transcended the dust and cleansed themselves of care,
Never to return to the cities they knew.
Freed of crowding threats they had no fear,
Of a world where none could guess where they had gone.
I dread the endless cycles of celestial time,
The effulgent spirit’s beaming westward march.
Snow falls thin to thicken where it falls,
And I mourn that the most fragrant plants will wither first.
For a moment I wandered aimless, distracting myself
From thinking of the years, my many fruitless years.
With whom could I enjoy the fragrance left?
When dawn came I confided my heart to the wind—
Long gone in distant time is Gaoyang,6
To whom could I look for a model?
And I say again:
As untarrying springs and autumns speed by,
Why stay here, where I’ve lived so long,
Where the Yellow Lord is beyond my reach?
I will follow Wang Qiao7 for the fun, for the play.
Taking in the six energies,8 I drink the dew of northern midnights.
I rinse my mouth with the light of southern noons,
And hold in my mouth the reddish sunrise air.
Thus will I keep my spirit pure,
Absorbing the subtle, expelling the gross.
Drifting on a mild southern breeze,
I arrive at South Nest9 to spend the night
Where Master Wang with open doors receives me.
And I sought from him the secret of primordial energy.10
And he said:
The Way can be learned,
But cannot be taught.
It is so small it has no inside,
So vast it has no outline.
Maintain your spirit unconfused,
And it will become what it is.
The primordial energy is very numinous,
Accumulate it at midnight,
Attend to this in a state of utter emptiness,
In a state prior to Nonintention.
All things are thereby completed—
This is the gateway to its power.
Having heard this most precious teaching I set forth,
Eager to put it into practice.
I followed the Winged People11 to the Cinnabar Hills,12
And stayed in the old country of the Undying.
In the morning I washed my hair in Hot Water Valley,13
dried myself in the warmth of nine-afternoon suns,14
and drank the elixir spraying from the Flying Springs.15
Then I placed the flower of wan and yan jades16 in the bosom of my robe,
And my complexion took on the glistening texture of the jade.
Vigour surged through me as my essence grew pure,
For I was shedding my grosser elements and becoming light as gauze,
And my spirit power flowed freely.
I admired the flaming aura of this southern region,
And loved the cinnamon trees that bloom there in winter,
But its creatureless mountains were deserted,
And its uninhabited wilds were silent,
So I lifted my altered spirit and mounted the sunset clouds,
Which concealed me as I journeyed higher.
I ordered the celestial gateman to open the sky gates.
He pushed them open and stared at me.
I called Fenglong17 to be my guide,
To find where the spirit of Great Subtlety18 resided.
Reaching the highest and clearest sky I entered the Sky Lord’s palace.
Arriving at Venus I surveyed the Pure Capital.
In the morning I set out from the Heavenly Court,19
And by evening was looking down upon Mount Yuweilü.20
I mustered my ten thousand chariots,
And at a leisurely pace, we proceeded abreast,
Driving teams of eight undulating dragons,
Serpentine waves of streamers above us.
Rainbow pennons with yak-tail crests rose high,
Their many colours blinding,
Over the bobbing heads of yoke dragons,
And the muscular writhing of trace dragons.
Around the chariots, a bustling horde of cavalry
Proceeded shoulder to shoulder in an endless motley wave.
I grasped the reigns and raised the whip,
And led them to Goumang’s21 realm.
We passed Tai Hao22 and turned right.
Feilian23 went ahead to scout,
As the glow of the sun preceded its rise,
We crossed the Sky Pool24 and moved forward.
When the Wind Earl25 sped ahead to herald my arrival,
Dust fled the airy path leaving it clean and cool.
Phoenixes winging overhead served as my banners,
As I met Rushou26 in the realm of the Western Lord.27
I used a comet as my ox-tailed and feathered flag,
And held the handle of the Broom Star28 for a signal banner.
Up and down in coloured bands
Flowed the waves of the startled mists we rode.
But as the darkening hour obscured the way,
I summoned the Black Warrior29 to serve as rear guard.
And had Wen Chang30 behind command those in my train,
Selecting and assigning spirits to protect my chariot.
On the endlessly long journey,
We slowed as we climbed to a higher place.
I had the Rain God31 serve as a bodyguard on my left,
And the Thunder God32 on my right.
I was ready to escape the world and never look back,
To break the bonds and soar.
Joy filled my heart and pride,
And, for the moment, lost in my own happiness,
I was wandering aimlessly through clouds and blue sky,
When I caught sight of that old home of mine.
My charioteer fell homesick and my heart grieved,
The draft beasts looked back and would not go on.
Images of fond old times filled my mind with longing,
Deep in sighs, I wiped my tears away.
But breaking my hovering delay I rose higher,
Suppressing the thoughts for a time, controlling myself.
I pointed to the God of Fire33 and we galloped straight toward him.
I was on my way to the Southern Doubts.34
Seeing the vastness of the world beyond my homeland,
I let myself float as though on open seas.
Zhu Rong gave warning and the road was cleared of people.
News was relayed, luan birds welcomed Fufei,35
Musicians played “Xian Pond”36 and “Holding Clouds,”37
And the two daughters of Yao38 performed the “Nine Shao” song.39
They had the Xiang River spirits play the many stringed se.
And when they had Ruo,40 the ocean god, dance with the River Earl,
Black dragons and monsters of the sea surfaced and joined in,
Their forms bending and coiling.
The voluptuous rainbow women added their charm,
And the luan birds soared and hovered above.
Music and joy were everywhere, endless,
And I lingered—how could I leave then?
We gave free rein to our dragons and the procession ran wild,
Arriving at the Gate of Winter41 at an extreme end of the sky,
And we overtook the speedy winds at Clear Spring,42
And followed Zhuan Xu43 through the piled-up ice.
We visited Mysterious Dark44 taking a side road.
As we charioted through high heavens, we looked back,
And I summoned Qian Ying45 to audience with me,
And he guided me onto level road.
I traversed the four wilds,
And travelled all over the six directions,
So high I could see through the seams between the skies,
Then I looked down toward the abysmal sea.
Below me was only landless depth,
And above me, skyless space.
I looked but saw the blur of nothing,
I listened but heard the muffled silence of nothing.
I had transcended Nonintention and arrived at perfect purity,
A short distance from the Great Beginning.46
悲時俗之近阨兮，願輕舉而遠遊。
質菲薄而無因兮，焉托乘而上浮？
遭沈濁而污穢兮，獨鬱結其誰語！
夜耿耿而不寐兮，魂營營而至曙。
惟天地之無窮兮，哀人生之長勤，
往者余弗及兮，來者吾不聞，
步徙倚而遙思兮，怊惝怳而乖懷。
意荒忽而流蕩兮，心愁淒而增悲。
神倏忽而不反兮，形枯槁而獨留。
內惟省以端操兮，還應正氣之所由。
漠虛靜以恬愉兮，澹無為而自得。
聞赤松之清塵兮，願承風乎遺則。
貴真人之休德兮，美往世之登仙，
與化去而不風兮，名聲著而日延。
奇傅說之托辰星兮，羨韓眾之得一。
形穆穆以浸遠兮，離人群而遁逸。
因氣變而遂曾舉兮，忽神奔而鬼怪。
時彷彿以遙見兮，精皎皎以往來。
超氛埃而淑郵兮，終不反其故都。
免眾患而不懼兮，世莫知其所如。
恐天時之代序兮，耀靈曄而西征。
微霜降而下淪兮，悼芳草之先零。
聊仿佯而逍遙兮，永歷年而無成。
誰可與玩斯遺芳兮？長向風而舒情。
高陽邈以遠兮，余將焉所程？
重曰：
春秋忽其不淹兮，奚久留此故居。
軒轅不可攀援兮，吾將從王喬而娛戲。
餐六氣而飲沆瀣兮，漱正陽而含朝霞。
保神明之清澄兮，精氣入而粗穢除。
順凱風以從游兮，至南巢而一息。
見王子而宿之兮，審一氣之和德。
曰：「道可受兮，不可傳；
其小無內兮，其大夫垠；
毋滑而魂兮，彼將自然；
一氣孔神兮，於中夜存；
虛以待之存，無以為先；
庶類以成兮，此德之門。」
聞至貴而遂徂兮，忽乎吾將行。
仍羽人於丹丘，留不死之舊鄉。
朝濯發於湯谷兮，夕晞余身兮九陽。
吸飛泉之微液兮，懷琬琰之華英。
玉色頩以脕顏兮，精醇粹而始壯。
質銷鑠以汋約兮，神要眇以淫放。
嘉南州之炎德兮，麗桂樹之冬榮；
山蕭條而無獸兮，野寂漠其無人。
載營魄而登霞兮，掩浮雲而上征。
命天閽其開關兮，排閶闔而望予。
如豐隆使先導兮，問太微之所居。
集重陽入帝宮兮，造旬始而觀清都。
朝發軔於太儀兮，夕始臨乎於微閭。
屯余車之萬乘兮，紛容與而並馳。
駕八龍之婉婉兮，載雲旗之逶蛇。
建雄虹之采旄兮，五色雜而炫耀。
服偃蹇以低昂兮，驂連蜷以驕驁。
騎膠葛以雜亂兮，斑漫衍而方行。
撰余轡而正策兮，吾將過乎句芒。
歷太皓以右轉兮，前飛廉以啟路。
陽杲杲其未光兮，凌天地以徑度。
風伯為作先驅兮，氛埃辟而清涼。
鳳凰翼其承旗兮，遇蓐收乎西皇。
攬慧星以為旍兮，舉斗柄以為麾。
叛陸離其上下兮，游驚霧之流波。
時暖曃其曭莽兮，召玄武而奔屬。
後文昌使掌行兮，選署眾神以並轂。
路漫漫其修遠兮，徐弭節而高厲。
左雨師使徑侍兮，右雷公以為衛。
欲度世以忘歸兮，意姿睢以擔撟。
內欣欣而自美兮，聊愉娛以淫樂。
涉青雲以氾濫游兮，忽臨睨夫舊鄉。
僕夫懷余心悲兮，邊馬顧而不行。
思舊故以想像兮，長太息而掩涕。
泛容與而遐舉兮，聊抑志而自弭。
指炎神而直馳兮，吾將往乎南疑。
覽方外之荒忽兮，沛[罔]瀁而自浮。
祝融戒而蹕御兮，騰告鸞鳥迎宓妃。
張《咸池》奏《承雲》兮，二女御《九韶》歌。
使湘靈鼓瑟兮，令海若舞馮夷。
玄螭蟲象並出進兮，形蟉虯而逶蛇。
雌蜺便娟以增撓兮，鸞鳥軒翥而翔飛。
音樂博衍無終極兮，焉及逝以徘徊。
舒並節以馳騖兮，逴絕垠乎寒門。
軼迅風天清源兮，從顓瑣乎增冰。
歷玄冥以邪徑兮，乘間維以反顧。
召黔贏而見之兮，為余先乎平路。
經營四方兮，周流六漠。
上至列缺兮，降望大壑。
下崢嶸而無地兮，上寥廓而無天。
視倏忽而無見兮，聽惝恍而無聞。
超無為以至清兮，與泰初而為鄰。
NOTES
1. For a translation of “Yuan you” that is informed by a deeper knowledge of religious Daoism than mine, see Paul W. Kroll, “On ‘Far Roaming,’ ” Journal of the American Oriental Society 116, no.4 (October–December 1996): 653–69.
2. Red Pine ( 松 Chi Song) is one of the most famous of the immortals (仙 xian).
3. Fu Yue 說 was raised from poverty to the position of prime minister by King Wuding of the Shang dynasty. One of the legends about him is that when he died, his spirit rose to the sky on a star.
4. Han Zhong 韓眾 (not to be confused with Han Zhong 韓, the Qin dynasty wizard) is a figure described in a quote in Hong Xingzu , Chuci buzhu 楚 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1986), 164, from a nonexistent passage in the Liexian zhuan. There he is described as an expert herbalist who picked medicinal plants that he made into a concoction for a king who refused to take it. Taking it himself, he became an immortal.
5. A person was believed to have two souls in ancient China, the hun (also known as shen), which was yang and associated with mental and spiritual faculties and which rose to heaven upon death, and the po (also known as gui), which was yin and connected to the body.
6. Gaoyang is Zhuan Xu, a di , or god-lord, the ancestor of a number of royal families, including the royal family of the kings of Chu.
7. Wang Qiao, also known as Wang Ziqiao 子喬, is an immortal whose fame is on par with that of Red Pine.
8. These are the liu qi 六 , which are variously defined. Wang Yi, quoting the now lost Lingyangzi Ming jing 陵子明經 (The bright scripture of the Master of Lingyang), lists the six energies: (1) morning clouds (霞 zhaoxia)—i.e., the reddish-gold air at sunrise—to be absorbed in spring; (2) sinking dimness (淪陰 lunyin)—i.e., the reddish-gold air just after the sun has set—to be absorbed in fall; (3) evening mist and dew (沆 hangxie)—i.e., the air at midnight in the north—to be absorbed in winter; (4) high noon ( zhengyang)—i.e., the air of noontime in the south—to be absorbed in summer; and (5) and (6) the dark golden airs of Heaven and Earth (天 tiandi xuanhuang). Three of these energies are mentioned in this
stanza: evening mist and dew (“dew of northern midnights”), high noon (“light of southern noons”), and morning clouds (“reddish sunrise air”).
9. South Nest is Nanchao 巢, a non-Chinese southern state.
10. This is the yiqi 壹, or the “one energy” that underlies everything. Some say the term is synonymous with Dao.
11. The Winged People (羽人 Yuren) are the xian or immortals.
12. The Cinnabar Hills ( 丘 Dan Qiu) are where the xian live. It is
always bright there, day or night.
13. Hot Water Valley (湯谷 Tanggu) is where the sun bathes and where the fusang tree grows.
14. Nine suns grow on the fusang 桑 (handhold mulberry) tree’s lower branches, but on the top branch there is a tenth sun.
15. No one knows for sure, but some scholars claim that the Flying
Springs (泉 Feiquan) confer immortality.
16. No one knows for sure what the wan yan jades are, but any “flower” of jade indicates that it is jade so fine and pure that it has magical powers.
17. Fenglong 豐隆 is the god of clouds.
18. Great Subtlety ( Dawei) is the name of a star and the celestial palace, where the Sky Lord lives.
19. The Pure Capital ( 清 Qingdu) with its Heavenly Court ( 太儀 Taiyi) is located near Venus (Taibai 太白)
20. Yuweilü is a mythical mountain in the northeast that produces extraordinary jade.
21. Goumang 勾芒 is the god of the wood element and is located in the east.
22. Tai Hao 太 is the god-lord of the east.
23. Feilian 廉 is the wind god.
24. Sky Pond is Xianchi 咸, or Xian Pond, a star, or god, located in the west.
25. Wind Lord (風 Fengbo) is another name for Feilian.
26. Rushou 蓐收, located in the west, is the god of metal and autumn.
27. Western Lord is Shao Hao 少, the god-lord of the west.
28. Broom Star is Huixing 星, a general term for a comet.
29. Black Warrior (武 Xuan Wu) is the sky god of the north.
30. Wen Chang 文昌 is a star cluster and also the name of the god of officials.
31. Rain God is Yushi 雨.
32. Thunder God is Leigong 雷公.
33. God of Fire is Zhu Rong 祝融 in the following. He is the god of summer and the ancestor of the royal family of Chu.
34. Southern Doubts ( 疑 Nanyi) is Nine Doubts Mountain 九疑,
where Shun is buried.
35. Fufei is the daughter of Fuxi , a god-lord. She drowned in the Luo River and her spirit became its goddess.
36. Xian Pond is the same name as the star mentioned in note 24, but here it refers to music that originated in the court of the sage-king Yao.
37. “Bearing Clouds” (承雲 “Cheng Yun”) is music that is supposed to have originated in the court of the sage-king Huangdi.
38. Ehuang and Nüying were the two daughters of the sage king Yao. They are also the Xiang River spirits.
39. “Nine Shao” (九韶 “Jiu Shao”) song is music from the court of Shun.
40. Ro or Ruo is the god of the Northern Sea in the “Autumn Floods” (秋水section of the Zhuangzi).
41. Gate of Winter (寒 Hanmen) is the celestial gate of the North Pole.
42. Clear Spring ( 清源 Qingyuan) is a mythical body of water in the north. It is also thought of as the place where winds are stored.
43. Zhuan Xu 顓頊 is god-lord of the north and winter.
44. Mysterious Dark is Xuanming 冥, a water spirit.
45. Qian Ying 黔嬴 is the god of creation and change.
46. Great Beginning ( 太初 Taichu) is where one finds the primordial energy.
《遠遊》 |
| 2 | 遠遊: | 悲時俗之近阨兮，願輕舉而遠遊。 質菲薄而無因兮，焉托乘而上浮？ 遭沈濁而污穢兮，獨鬱結其誰語！ 夜耿耿而不寐兮，魂營營而至曙。 惟天地之無窮兮，哀人生之長勤， 往者余弗及兮，來者吾不聞， 步徙倚而遙思兮，怊惝怳而乖懷。 意荒忽而流蕩兮，心愁淒而增悲。 神倏忽而不反兮，形枯槁而獨留。 內惟省以端操兮，還應正氣之所由。 漠虛靜以恬愉兮，澹無為而自得。 聞赤鬆之清塵兮，願承風乎遺則。 貴真人之休德兮，美往世之登仙， 與化去而不風兮，名聲著而日延。 奇傅說之托辰星兮，羨韓眾之得一。 形穆穆以浸遠兮，離人群而遁逸。 因氣變而遂曾舉兮，忽神奔而鬼怪。 時彷彿以遙見兮，精皎皎以往來。 超氛埃而淑郵兮，終不反其故都。 免眾患而不懼兮，世莫知其所如。 恐天時之代序兮，耀靈曄而西征。 微霜降而下淪兮，悼芳草之先零。 聊仿佯而逍遙兮，永歷年而無成。 誰可與玩斯遺芳兮？長向風而舒情。 高陽邈以遠兮，余將焉所程？ |
| 3 | 遠遊: | 重曰： 春秋忽其不淹兮，奚久留此故居。 軒轅不可攀援兮，吾將從王喬而娛戲。 餐六氣而飲沆瀣兮，漱正陽而含朝霞。 保神明之清澄兮，精氣入而粗穢除。 順凱風以從游兮，至南巢而一息。 見王子而宿之兮，審一氣之和德。 曰：「道可受兮，不可傳； 其小無內兮，其大夫垠； 毋滑而魂兮，彼將自然； 一氣孔神兮，於中夜存； 虛以待之存，無以為先； 庶類以成兮，此德之門。」 聞至貴而遂徂兮，忽乎吾將行。 仍羽人於丹丘，留不死之舊鄉。 朝濯發於湯谷兮，夕晞余身兮九陽。 吸飛泉之微液兮，懷琬琰之華英。 玉色頩以脕顏兮，精醇粹而始壯。 質銷鑠以汋約兮，神要眇以淫放。 嘉南州之炎德兮，麗桂樹之冬榮； 山蕭條而無獸兮，野寂漠其無人。 載營魄而登霞兮，掩浮雲而上徵。 命天閽其開關兮，排閶闔而望予。 如豐隆使先導兮，問太微之所居。 集重陽入帝宮兮，造旬始而觀清都。 朝發軔於太儀兮，夕始臨乎於微閭。 屯余車之萬乘兮，紛容與而並馳。 駕八龍之婉婉兮，載雲旗之逶蛇。 建雄虹之採旄兮，五色雜而炫耀。 服偃蹇以低昂兮，驂連蜷以驕驁。 騎膠葛以雜亂兮，斑漫衍而方行。 撰余轡而正策兮，吾將過乎句芒。 歷太皓以右轉兮，前飛廉以啟路。 陽杲杲其未光兮，凌天地以徑度。 風伯為作先驅兮，氛埃闢而清涼。 鳳凰翼其承旗兮，遇蓐收乎西皇。 攬慧星以為旍兮，舉鬥柄以為麾。 叛陸離其上下兮，游驚霧之流波。 時暖曃其曭莽兮，召玄武而奔屬。 後文昌使掌行兮，選署眾神以並轂。 路漫漫其修遠兮，徐弭節而高厲。 左雨師使徑侍兮，右雷公以為衛。 欲度世以忘歸兮，意姿睢以擔撟。 內欣欣而自美兮，聊愉娛以淫樂。 涉青雲以氾濫游兮，忽臨睨夫舊鄉。 僕夫懷余心悲兮，邊馬顧而不行。 思舊故以想像兮，長太息而掩涕。 泛容與而遐舉兮，聊抑志而自弭。 指炎神而直馳兮，吾將往乎南疑。 覽方外之荒忽兮，沛𣶈瀁而自浮。 祝融戒而蹕御兮，騰告鸞鳥迎宓妃。 張《咸池》奏《承雲》兮，二女御《九韶》歌。 使湘靈鼓瑟兮，令海若舞馮夷。 玄螭蟲象並出進兮，形蟉虯而逶蛇。 雌蜺便娟以增撓兮，鸞鳥軒翥而翔飛。 音樂博衍無終極兮，焉及逝以徘徊。 舒並節以馳騖兮，逴絕垠乎寒門。 軼迅風天清源兮，從顓瑣乎增冰。 歷玄冥以邪徑兮，乘間維以反顧。 召黔贏而見之兮，為余先乎平路。 經營四方兮，周流六漠。 上至列缺兮，降望大壑。 下崢嶸而無地兮，上寥廓而無天。 視倏忽而無見兮，聽惝恍而無聞。 超無為以至清兮，與泰初而為鄰。 |
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